How Long Do Drugs Stay in Your System?

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How Long Do Drugs Stay in Your System? | Harmony Stuart

Just like food, medications and other substances that are consumed, drugs and alcohol must be processed and metabolized before they are cleared from the body. The effects of drugs may persist for hours, days or weeks, depending on several factors:

  • The type of drug used
  • The amount of the drug used
  • The frequency of drug use
  • The user’s general health
  • The user’s metabolic rate
  • Gender
  • Height and weight

The digestive system, respiratory organs, liver, and kidneys are involved in the metabolism or elimination of many drugs. Drugs can be detected in the body by testing breath, blood, saliva, urine or hair.

Common Substances and The Body

1. Alcohol

When a person drinks, the liver metabolizes about 90% of the alcohol that is consumed. The remaining 10% is eliminated through the breath, blood, and urine. Alcohol is broken down at the rate of 0.015 of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) per hour. Moreover, if you drink enough to increase your blood alcohol concentration to 0.015, it will take one hour for the body to eliminate the alcohol.

BAC can fluctuate according to gender, weight, the amount of alcohol consumed, the person’s level of activity while drinking, and the presence of food in the system. As a general estimation, alcohol can remain in the system from one to 12 hours.

The most common methods used to screen for alcohol consumption are blood and breath tests. An alcohol breath test, commonly known as a “breathalyzer,” is a portable device used to estimate the concentration of alcohol in a person’s breath. When a person exhales into the mouthpiece of a breath analyzer, the machine measures the amount of ethanol, the active ingredient in an alcoholic drink, in the individual’s expired breath.

Breath analysis can be performed in workplace environments, in schools, or most often, in the field by law enforcement. A breath test may be conducted during a traffic stop if a police officer has reason to believe that a person has been driving while under the influence of alcohol. If the alcohol in a driver’s breath exceeds the legal limit, an arrest may occur, and the person may then be required to undergo a blood test to confirm the exact blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

2. Amphetamines

Amphetamines accelerate the central nervous system, producing feelings of energy and increased mental acuity. Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse and addiction. The effects of one dose of amphetamines may continue for only 2-4 hours, but the drug can be found in urine for up to 48 hours. Additionally, traces of amphetamines may be detected in hair for up to three months.

3. Barbiturates

Barbiturates hinder activity in the central nervous system. This class of drugs is prescribed to improve sleep, prevent seizures and reduce anxiety. Barbiturates may be used for recreational purposes to induce sedation and relaxation.

Long-acting barbiturates like phenobarbital can remain in the system for up to 140 hours, while short-acting barbiturates such as Seconal may stay in the system for up to 40 hours. Short-acting barbiturates may be found in the urine for up to five days, while long-acting barbiturates can be detectable for as long as three weeks.

4. Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines work on the central nervous system by influencing the brain’s response to the neurotransmitter GABA. These drugs are prescribed to manage anxiety, produce sedation, and prevent seizures. Benzodiazepines like Xanax and Valium are often abused for recreational purposes and have a high potential for addiction.

The length of time that a benzodiazepine remains in the body will depend on the potency of the drug, the dose, the user’s body weight, and the frequency of dosing. Drugs like Xanax or Valium can be found in urine for up to one week after the last dose, but in general, the average detection time for benzodiazepines is 2-5 days in the urine.

How Long Do Drugs Stay in Your System? | Harmony Stuart

5. Cocaine

Cocaine is an extremely potent and addictive central nervous system stimulant that works on the brain to produce a rush of euphoria in addition to a surge of energy. Whether it’s snorted, smoked, or injected, cocaine affects the brain within minutes. About 15 minutes after use, blood levels of cocaine generally reach peak concentration, then begin to taper off after that.

Cocaine can be identified by blood tests around 12 hours after use. If a person uses cocaine on a routine basis, the byproducts of the drug may be found in the urine for up to two weeks after the last use. Hair analysis can reveal evidence of cocaine use for three months or longer after use.

6. Heroin

Heroin is a profoundly addictive narcotic derived from the opium poppy. The drug induces feelings of euphoria and sedation within a matter of seconds or minutes, depending on how it is administered. Intravenous injection provides the quickest rush, transporting the drug to the brain within seconds. Reaction times are longer when the drug is snorted or smoked.

The body eliminates heroin rapidly — within eight minutes. Depending on the person’s age, weight, amount used and frequency of use, heroin can be detected in urine for up to 48 hours.

7. Marijuana

Marijuana comes from the Cannabis plant, the active ingredient in which is a chemical called tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. Marijuana can produce effects within 3-8 minutes of use, but THC remains in the system for much longer, even in casual users. Unlike fast-acting drugs such as heroin or cocaine, marijuana’s active ingredient is stored in the body and can be detected in the urine for up to one month or longer among chronic users.

THC is highly lipophilic, which means that it dissolves into fat tissues very easily. For this reason, the body stores THC in fat cells, which then release the chemical gradually into the bloodstream.

In casual users, byproducts of marijuana use can be found in urine for up to five days. In long-term users, cannabis use may be detected for up to 30 days. If marijuana is consumed orally in food, the detection window for urine testing may be extended.

8. Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (meth) is a stimulant that works on the central nervous system, activating the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Like cocaine, meth induces feelings of euphoria, heightened energy, and intensified focus, but the effects of meth typically last much longer.

The concentrations of meth byproducts peak in the system around 12 hours after use. Meth may be detected in urine for 2-4 days after use, and evidence of meth use may be found in hair after several months.

How Long Do Drugs Stay in Your System? | Harmony Stuart

Treatment for Drug Addiction

If you have questions regarding how long drugs stay in your system or need help finding an addiction treatment program to help you reclaim control of your life, contact us as soon as possible.

Our comprehensive, evidence-based programs provide clients with the tools they need to achieve abstinence and sustain long-term wellness and sobriety. We employ addiction professionals who deliver these services to clients with care and expertise.

We are here to help you in any way we can. If you would like to get started on the path to a fulfilling drug- and alcohol-free life, call us today!

Related: Prescription Drug Addiction

Adderall Effects on the Brain

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Adderall Effects on the Brain

Adderall (dextroamphetamine-amphetamine) is a stimulant medication prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It works by altering the amount of certain natural chemicals in the brain.

When used for medical purposes, Adderall can help increase attention span and focus on an activity, as well as control behavioral problems. Adderall is also indicated to treat the sleeping disorder narcolepsy.

Adderall is also frequently abused as a study aid and for its stimulating, euphoric effects and ability to induce wakefulness for an extended period. However, Adderall’s unwanted side effects may include physical damage to the brain and internal organs.

Adderall Effects on the Brain

Stimulants promote concentration and energy levels while reducing a person’s need for sleep and suppressing appetite. Adderall increases the activity of several neurotransmitters in the body, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Over time, the shift in dopamine activity can affect the brain’s reward center, and impair one’s ability to feel pleasure without the chemical support of amphetamines. The more frequently Adderall is used, the more pronounced these changes become. Drug tolerance may develop, and thus more Adderall will be needed to achieve the desired effect.

As Adderall exits the bloodstream, withdrawal symptoms and cravings occur, indicating a physical and psychological dependence on the drug. The manner in which Adderall was used, in addition to the average amount and duration of abuse, can influence the level of dependence on the drug.

For example, crushing the pills and injecting or snorting the powder sends the drug into the brain more rapidly than consuming them whole and allowing them to digest properly. As a result, these methods of using Adderall increase the risk of addiction and a life-threatening overdose.

Someone who is addicted to Adderall may encounter sleep disturbances, concentration difficulties, a lack of motivation, and experience irritation, lethargy, and fatigue when it is absent from the body. Abusing amphetamines like Adderall may also increase the risk of aggression and suicidal thoughts.

An individual who has abused Adderall for a prolonged period may find that the emotional aspect of withdrawal may be the most intense side effect. Natural production of dopamine has been impaired, and result in low mood and difficulty feeling pleasure without the drug’s presence.

The longer Adderall is abused, the more pronounced the mood swings may become when it is no longer in the body. Fortunately, most of these changes in the brain can be repaired over time with sustained abstinence and the appropriate care and support.

In rare instances, Adderall and other prescription stimulants have been reported to lead to psychosis and schizophrenia-like symptoms, such as paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, and other behavioral or mood disturbances. Prolonged use of an amphetamine stimulant and Adderall withdrawal can also trigger anxiety and panic attacks.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prints warnings on Adderall labels about the potential adverse psychiatric side effects. Symptoms may be exacerbated in someone with a history of mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Adderall Side Effects

Stimulants such as Adderall increase body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Repeated use or abuse, especially in high doses, can produce a host of medical issues that range anywhere from a stroke to a seizure to cardiac arrest.

Prolonged Adderall abuse can also cause damage to the heart and cardiovascular system, especially when used in excess. The most common cardiovascular problems related to ADHD medications are hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (fast or irregular heart rate). Sudden cardiac arrest may also be a side effect of Adderall.

Other side effects of extended Adderall abuse include the following:

  • Heart disease
  • Headaches and Dizziness
  • Stomach pain
  • Weight loss
  • Insomnia
  • Dry mouth
  • Heart palpitations
  • Tremors
  • Trouble breathing
  • Constipation
  • Hyperactivity
  • Feeling jittery

The heart muscle may be weakened by long-term stimulant abuse, resulting in additional complications. Changes in the brain, as well as mood and behavioral issues associated with prolonged Adderall abuse, may also continue unless the drug is safely removed from the body.

Treatment for Adderall Addiction

Adderall addiction is an unhealthy condition that, over time, can lead to a host of physical and emotional problems that will not resolve unless abstinence and long-term sobriety are achieved. Persons suffering from dependence on Adderall are urged to seek an intensive treatment program that consists of evidence-based therapies, counseling, and group support.

Our center employs compassionate addiction specialists who deliver these services with care and expertise. We provide clients with the resources they need to attain abstinence, prevent relapse, and enjoy long-lasting sobriety and wellness.

Adderall addiction may not be directly curable, but it is treatable. We can help you restore sanity to your life and begin to experience the happiness you deserve. Please do not wait another day – contact us to find out how we can help you forge your path to long-lasting recovery!

Can You Die From Heroin Withdrawal?

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Can You Die From Heroin Withdrawal? | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

Heroin withdrawal that is not medically-induced is typically not life-threatening, despite the tremendous discomfort the person may endure. That said, in rare cases, persistent vomiting and diarrhea may result, and if left untreated, severe dehydration, hypernatremia (elevated blood sodium level), and heart failure.

Also, in the event of an overdose or in settings of ultra-rapid detox where antagonistic drugs such as naloxone are used to reverse the effects of heroin, some of the body’s systems may not be able to handle the sudden chemical changes that occur.

While these medications tend to have a low incidence of harmful effects, careful administration and cardiorespiratory monitoring are warranted. Catecholamines, such as dopamine and adrenaline, are hormones generated by the adrenal glands and can be released from large or rapid doses of naloxone. This can result in cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) and pulmonary edema.

Medications more commonly used in non-emergency settings, such as methadone or buprenorphine, do not carry this same risk, however. These drugs are opioid “agonists” that moderately mimic – but not reverse – the effects of heroin.

What is Withdrawal?

Withdrawal from a substance is characterized by the onset of psychological and physiological symptoms if a person sharply reduces their dose or discontinues use of the substance.

For a withdrawal to transpire, the individual must have used the substance repeatedly and have developed a physical/chemical dependence on the substance. Physical dependence has developed when a person’s system is no longer able to function correctly without the drug’s presence.

In almost all cases of physical dependence, the substance has been used over a prolonged period and in large doses. When the body no longer receives these regular doses to which it has become accustomed, it will no longer function normally, and a number of uncomfortable or painful symptoms will ensue.

Most Common Heroin Withdrawal Symptoms

Heroin withdrawal typically involves three stages of symptoms that manifest over hours to days since the last occurrence of drug use, generally.

First-stage symptoms usually appear up to 6-12 hours after the last dose. Second-stage of symptoms usually onset 8-24 hours after the last dose. Third-stage symptoms may occur up to 3 days after the last dose.

Symptoms usually peak between 24-48 hours after first developing but may continue for several days. Each person will likely encounter a unique set of symptoms while undergoing heroin withdrawal. Nonetheless, there are several withdrawal symptoms, both physiological and psychological, that tend to occur in each stage.

Stage 1

During the first stage, drug cravings begin. Heroin-dependent people have acclimated to the continual presence of the drug in their system. As such, those in the throes of an acute withdrawal may feel intense, nearly irresistible cravings for heroin.

Along with these cravings, individuals in this first stage may suffer extreme mood swings, feelings of anxiety, irritability, depression, and even suicidal ideations.

Stage 2

During the second stage, people often experience stomach cramps and flu-like symptoms, including runny nose, sweating, and tearing. Restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, and body aches are also common.

Stage 3

During the third stage, individuals may suffer from diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, and flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills persist. Muscle spasms, joint pain, and tremors are typical. Heart rate and blood pressure may also increase.

Psychological Symptoms

The psychological symptoms of heroin withdrawal tend to be longer-lasting than physiological symptoms. As such, they may or may not occur within this three-stage timeline. Some psychological symptoms can persist for a long time after detox, and some of them may have been pre-existing conditions that were only exacerbated by the withdrawal.

Anxiety

Symptoms of anxiety during heroin withdrawal are likely associated with feelings of withdrawal stress. Moreover, individuals may feel anxiety about life without heroin and may feel increasingly anxious or nervous while considering the prospect of long-term abstinence.

Irritability

In addition to anxiety, irritability is a normal and common occurrence. Due to the stress of enduring heroin withdrawal, individuals are easily triggered and frequently rude, cold, or downright mean to those around them.

Depression and Suicidal Thoughts

Depression occurs because a person’s body is no longer able to produce its own pleasurable sensations without the assistance of heroin. Some symptoms can include negative or low mood, a lack of motivation, social isolation and withdrawal, helplessness, and hopelessness.

In extreme cases, the individual may be suffering so much that depressive thoughts lead to suicidal ideations or behaviors.

Treatment for Heroin Withdrawal and Addiction

While withdrawal from heroin is rarely fatal, it can and does frequently result in highly unpleasant and sometimes painful effects. Those seeking treatment are urged first to undergo medical detox where patients are monitored by medical staff around-the-clock for several days during the withdrawal process.

After detox, patients are encouraged to participate in long-term inpatient or intensive outpatient treatment. Our center offers services in both formats, which include integrated, evidence-based modalities such as psychotherapy, psychoeducation, group support, and individual and family counseling.

We can help you restore sanity to your life and achieve the long-lasting sobriety and wellness you deserve! Contact us today to find out how!

Related Posts: Signs of Opiate Abuse

Prescription Drug Addiction

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Prescription Drug Addiction | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

Prescription drug addiction can occur when a person becomes dependent on a pharmaceutical medication. This condition can happen incidentally, over time, due to regular use, or it can occur as a result of abuse. Taking too much of the medication too frequently or taking the medication illicitly without a prescription constitutes abuse.

Continually using the drug over a prolonged period or increasing the dosage often results in the development of tolerance. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by diminishing effects of a drug and the user gradually requiring larger amounts to achieve the desired high.

In addition to tolerance, dependence on the drug occurs as the body grows accustomed to the drug’s presence over time and becomes unable to function without it. When the user attempt to quit, unpleasant withdrawal symptoms manifest as a result.

Once addiction sets in, abuse becomes compulsive and difficult to surmount. Prescription drug addiction can lead to severe long-term consequences, including physical injury and mental illness, and also affect personal and professional relationships.

What Are Prescription Drugs?

The drug category referred to a prescription medication includes any form of pharmaceuticals that cannot be legally sold without a prescription issued by a licensed health provider. Because prescription drugs require a doctor’s signature to obtain, they can be misused/abused in a few different ways, including the following:

  • Acquiring them from a family member or friend who has a prescription
  • Purchasing them illicitly on the black market
  • Taking larger doses or more frequently than recommended
  • Doctor shopping – visiting multiple doctors or pharmacies in an attempt to garner more drugs

Commonly Abused Prescription Medication

Prescription Drug Addiction | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

Some prescription drugs are not misused/abused as often as others due to the effects of each drug. Psychoactive prescription medication is classified in specific groups based on their properties.

Opioids

Opioid painkillers are prescription drugs which attach to the opioid receptors in the body’s central nervous system and reduce pain.

Since opioids have a high potential for addiction, they require a prescription to use and are not included in over-the-counter products. Some of the most common opioid prescription drugs include the following:

  • Oxycodone – Percocet and OxyContin
  • Diphenoxylate – Lomotil
  • Hydrocodone – Lortab, Lorcet, Norco, Vicodin
  • Morphine – Avinza, Kadian and MS Contin
  • Fentanyl – Duragesic
  • Codeine – Tylenol 3 and Tylenol 4
  • Hydromorphone – Dilaudid
  • Methadone – Dolphine
  • Meperidine – Demerol
  • Propoxyphene – Darvon

When used according to a doctor’s orders, opioids can be extremely effective at relieving pain. Their use can improve the quality of life for those suffering from acute or chronic pain, including after surgery, injuries, and during cancer treatment.

However, tolerance and dependence on opioids can develop rapidly, and addiction can form within just a couple of weeks of being used regularly. If people increase their doses too much, they may experience severe complications and be in danger of profound respiratory depression, overdose, and death.

Stimulants

Stimulant prescription drugs are usually prescribed to those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or obesity. They can boost energy and alertness, and also elevate blood pressure and suppress appetite.

Stimulant prescription drugs are usually taken in pill form, but some can be administered as a skin patch or a liquid. Stimulants vary on how long they are effective and include three classifications: short-acting, intermediate-acting and long-acting.

The most common short-acting stimulant prescription medications include the following:

  • Adderall
  • Dexedrine
  • Focalin
  • ProCentra
  • Ritalin
  • Zenzedi

Intermediate-acting stimulant drugs are effective for longer than short-acting ones but still require a regular dosage to work correctly. The most common ones include:

  • Evekeo
  • Metadate ER
  • Methylin ER
  • Ritalin SR

Long-acting stimulants do not require A regular dosage and can remain effective for hours, or even days while increasing alertness and attention. The most common ones include:

  • Adzenys XR-ODT
  • Adderall XR
  • Concerta
  • Daytrana
  • Focalin XR
  • Metadate CD
  • Mydayis
  • Quillivant XR
  • Quillichew ER
  • Ritalin LA
  • Vyvanse

Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants

Prescription Drug Addiction | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

Central nervous system depressants reduce brain activity and include drugs such as sedatives or tranquilizers. Most depressants, such as benzodiazepines, work by controlling the release of the brain neurotransmitter known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA decreases brain activity, leading to a feeling of relaxation and drowsiness.

Depressants are often prescribed to those suffering from sleep disturbances or anxiety and panic disorders. The most frequently prescribed CNS depressants include the following:

  • Benzodiazepines
  • Non-benzodiazepine sleep medications
  • Barbiturates

Some of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines are diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and clonazepam (Klonopin). These are often prescribed to treat panic attacks and anxiety. However, if taken long-term, people can develop dependence, tolerance, and addiction.

Non-benzodiazepine sleep medications include eszopiclone (Lunesta), zaleplon (Sonata) and zolpidem (Ambien). They work on the same receptors as benzodiazepines but have a reduced risk of dependence.

Barbiturates include phenobarbital (Luminal Sodium), pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal), and mephobarbital (Mebaral). They are prescribed less often than other sedatives due to a higher risk of overdose.

Antipsychotics

Antipsychotics are prescription drugs that treat psychological disorders such as schizophrenia or issues stemming from bipolar disorder or Tourette’s syndrome.

Older antipsychotics developed in the 1950s include the following:

  • Chlorpromazine
  • Flupentixol
  • Haloperidol
  • Levomepromazine
  • Perphenazine
  • Pericyazine

Antipsychotic medications that were developed more recently include:

  • Aripiprazole
  • Amisulpride
  • Clozapine
  • Olanzapine
  • Quetiapine
  • Risperidone

Other Pain Medications

There have been some reports of individuals developing addictions to non-opioid pain medications such as gabapentin (Neurontin) and pregabalin (Lyrica), although this is much less common than opioid addiction. These drugs are usually prescribed to treat conditions such as nerve pain, epilepsy, and fibromyalgia.

Prescription Drug Abuse

Most prescription drug addiction is the result of the use, misuse, or abuse of opioids, benzodiazepines, or stimulants. Some people are more likely than others to develop a prescription drug addiction, and this is due to several factors, including the following:

  • Height, weight and other individual characteristics
  • A family history of drug or alcohol abuse
  • The drug they are currently using
  • Whether they are treating a psychiatric disorder or acute or chronic pain
  • Past or present addictions to other substances, such as alcohol and tobacco
  • Exposure to peer pressure or an environment where drug use is accepted and/or encouraged
  • Easier access to medications, such as having prescription drugs in the home

Anyone can become addicted to a prescription medication over time if they misuse or abuse the drug for long enough. While there have been plenty of examples of people who have developed an addiction even when taking the drug as prescribed by a physician, this is much less common than as a result of misuse.

Medical Consequences

Prescription drug addiction or abuse can lead to numerous potential health complications.

Opioids can lead to low blood pressure, a reduced breathing rate and the potential for breathing to stop. An opioid overdose carries a significant risk of death.

Anti-anxiety medications and sedatives can lead to memory problems, low blood pressure and slowed breathing, and an overdose can cause coma or death. Abruptly discontinuing these medications may result in withdrawal symptoms that can include nervous system hyperactivity and seizures.

Stimulants can cause perilously high body temperature, heart problems, hypertension, seizures or tremors, hallucinations, aggressiveness, and paranoia.

Treatment for Prescription Drug Addiction

Prescription drug addiction can be life-threatening. Those who suffer are urged to seek treatment immediately on an inpatient or intensive outpatient basis.

Our center offers an integrated, evidence-based approach to addiction, comprised of essential therapeutic services such as psychotherapy, individual and family counseling, psychoeducation, and group support.

We provide clients with the tools and support they need to achieve abstinence and enjoy long-lasting sobriety and wellness. Call us today to find out how we can help you reclaim your life and experience the happiness and harmony you deserve!

Is Ecstasy Addictive?

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Most Addictive Drugs | Harmony Treatment and Wellness Center

Is Ecstasy Addictive? – According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, ecstasy, or MDMA, impacts many of the same neurotransmitters in the brain as other drugs, but research has not yet determined whether or not it is truly addictive.

Moreover, experiments have revealed that ecstasy does have a potential for addiction, but that its potential may be less than some other drugs, such as cocaine.

Of note, some people who use MDMA do report symptoms that may reflect addiction, including continuing to use the drug despite physical or psychological consequences, the development of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms upon cessation, and cravings.

What is MDMA or Ecstasy?

MDMA is a synthetic “designer” drug that has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Use produces an energizing effect, time/perception distortions, and increased pleasure from sensory experiences. Ecstasy users have also reported feeling an increase in self-awareness and empathy.

The term “ecstasy” is often used to refer to MDMA found in a tablet or capsule form, which is the most popular method of using the drug. However, some investigations have found ecstasy tablets containing MDMA at varying concentrations, and also some batches laced with a number of other drugs, such as methamphetamine, which can be harmful.

Effects of Ecstasy

Once MDMA is consumed in tablet form, the person begins feeling the effects about 45 minutes later on average. These effects peak 15-30 minutes after they are first experienced and last around 3 hours.

People typically consume one to two tablets at a time, with each tablet containing between 50-150 milligrams of MDMA on average. People often take a second dose as the effects of the first dose begin to subside, thereby increasing the risk of adverse side effects as the doses combine.

Desired effects of MDMA may include the following:

  • Enhanced sense of well-being
  • Increased extroversion
  • Emotional warmth
  • Increased empathy toward others
  • Willingness to discuss emotionally-charged memories
  • Enhanced sensory perception

Side effects may include the following:

  • Involuntary jaw clenching
  • Lack of appetite
  • Detachment from oneself (depersonalization)
  • Illogical or disorganized thoughts
  • Restless legs
  • Nausea
  • Hot flashes or chills
  • Headache
  • Sweating
  • Muscle or joint stiffness
  • Faintness
  • Panic attacks

More severe side effects, which are rarely but potentially life-threatening, include the following:

  • Dramatically increased body temperature (hyperthermia)
  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Seizures

Due to its stimulant properties and the situations in which it is often used – such as dancing at clubs, raves, concerts, etc. – ecstasy can result in a significant rise in body temperature (hyperthermia). Treatment for hyperthermia requires immediate medical attention, as it can rapidly lead to muscle breakdown or an electrolyte imbalance. This condition, in turn, can cause kidney failure or a fatal swelling of the brain.

When ecstasy is used in combination with vigorous exercise, this also causes dehydration, compelling some people to drink copious amounts of liquids. However, this could actually heighten the risk of electrolyte imbalance or brain swelling because MDMA causes the body to retain water.

In the hours after using ecstasy, it can produce marked reductions in a person’s ability to perceive and predict motion, such as the ability to determine if a driver is in danger of colliding with another vehicle. This fact underscores the potential dangers of performing complex or skilled activities while under the influence of ecstasy.

Effects of Regular MDMA Use

Regular MDMA use has been associated with the following symptoms:

  • Sleep disturbances
  • Appetite loss
  • Concentration difficulties
  • Depression
  • Heart disease
  • Impulsivity

Also, heavy MDMA use over a 2-year period has been associated with a marked decrease in cognitive function.

Signs of Ecstasy Use

If someone close to you is exhibiting the following, they may be using ecstasy/MDMA or Molly:

  • High levels of stimulation
  • Unusual levels of energy
  • Long hours of wakefulness
  • Acting abnormally friendly
  • Dancing for long periods
  • Appearing overly sensitive to music or lights
  • Exaggerated pleasure from touch
  • Less sensitivity to pain
  • Nausea, chills, and sweating
  • Blurred vision and dilated pupils
  • Muscle cramps
  • Overheating

Treatment for Ecstasy Addiction

While ecstasy may not have the potential for addiction as other drugs, it can be abused, and research has shown that it can also be habit-forming. Using ecstasy is dangerous under any circumstance, but binging on the drug, especially in an environment conducive to overheating and physical exertion, is especially dangerous.

Persons who feel they are addicted to ecstasy are highly encouraged to undergo addiction treatment in the form of a comprehensive, evidence-based approach. Our center offers such programs in both inpatient and outpatient formats that include essential treatments such as psychotherapy, counseling, and group support.

We employ knowledgeable medical and mental health staff who specialize in addiction and deliver these services to our clients with care and expertise. Our goal is to ensure each client has the best chance for recovery and that we give them the tools they require to achieve abstinence and maintain long-term wellness and sobriety.

Call us today to find out how we can start you on the path to happiness and harmony!

Opioid Overdose Symptoms

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Opioid Overdose Symptoms | Harmony treatment and Wellness Center

How to Recognize Opioid Overdose Symptoms – Opioid addiction has been increasing dramatically since the early 2000s, meaning that the overdose rate in the U.S. has also been steadily rising to epidemic proportions. In order to save a loved one who is abusing heroin or prescription painkillers from permanent brain damage or death, it’s critical to be able to recognize opioid overdose symptoms.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 69,000 people worldwide die from opioid overdoses each year. Only through prevention, education, and treatment can we begin to curb this trend, and being able to identify an opioid overdose in progress may help prevent those addicted from becoming grim statistics.

What is an Opioid?

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, “opioids are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone (OxyContin®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine, morphine, and many others.”

Due to the addictive properties of these drugs, it is easy to become dependent on them, especially when a person is not using them as prescribed under medical supervision – in the case of heroin and other illicit opioids, this is never the case.

By prescription, these drugs are given to people who have suffered a severe injury, underwent surgery, or, in some cases, experience chronic pain due to cancer or an end-of-life condition.

How Do Opioids Affect the Brain?

Opioids attach to specific receptors in the brain that help block pain signals and induce feelings of relaxation. Opioids are a staple of modern medicine and are indispensable for managing acute pain or helping individuals suffering from serious conditions to feel more comfortable. Problems can arise, however, when people take too much too often or begin to use the drugs for non-medical purposes such as to experience a high.

How to Recognize Opioid Overdose Symptoms

There are several revealing signs that a person is experiencing opioid overdose symptoms, including the following:

  • Slowed, labored, or stopped breathing
  • Bluish tint around fingernails or lips (cyanosis)
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Vomiting
  • Inability to be roused from sleep/unresponsiveness
  • Slow or irregular heartbeat
  • Cold, clammy skin
  • Unusual paleness
  • Extreme moodiness
  • Confusion or drunken behavior

If you encounter a person experiencing these symptoms, contact emergency medical services immediately because the person’s life is in imminent danger. An opioid overdose can quickly result in death, so every second counts.

How to Help Someone Who is Having an Overdose

Although you should immediately call 911 if you identify that someone is having an overdose, there are steps you can take to help the person until emergency personnel arrives.

If the person is unconscious and cannot be roused, roll him or her to one side – this prevents the person from inhaling and asphyxiating on their own vomit while unconscious. If the person is still conscious, attempt to keep the person responsive and don’t let him or her fall asleep. Because these drugs impede breathing functions, allowing a person in the throes of an overdose to fall asleep can lead to life-threatening central nervous system and respiratory depression.

Never leave the person unattended if at all possible – a conscious person suffering an overdose will be incoherent and may put themselves in danger, and an unconscious person may stop breathing entirely. If you leave them alone, you won’t be able to administer rescue breathing if needed.

There is a medication that reverses an opioid overdose known as naloxone, which has been used for years by first responders and in emergency departments. Due to the frequency of overdoses in the U.S., this drug has become available over-the-counter without a prescription in most major pharmacy chains.

Naloxone is found in the form of a nasal spray or an injectable liquid and can offer the person suffering an hour’s reprieve from opioid overdose symptoms. This action does not halt the overdose permanently, so regardless, it is critical to contact emergency responders who can administer additional lifesaving medical treatment to the person.

In the aftermath of an overdose survivor, the person will likely benefit from opioid addiction treatment to help prevent further use of heroin or other opioids.

Treatment for Opioid Addiction

Opioid addiction is a destructive disease that adversely affects the health and mental well-being of those suffering, and profoundly impacts the people who love them. Fortunately, opioid addiction is treatable, with long-term, comprehensive approaches being the most effective according to clinical studies.

Our center offers evidence-based treatment that includes services critical to recovery, such as behavioral therapy, counseling, education, and group support. These services are delivered by caring staff who specialize in addiction and provide clients with the tools they need to remain sober and enjoy long-lasting recovery and wellness.

Let us help you regain your life and experience the harmony and happiness you deserve – contact us now to find out how we can help!

What is a Drug and Alcohol Assessment?

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Alcohol Assessment | Harmony Treatment and Wellness Center

Substance abuse and addiction often wreak havoc on a person’s life – it can impact them profoundly on many levels, and cause long-lasting damage to the mind, body, and relationships. When drug or alcohol use has spiraled out of control, they may participate in activities that jeopardize the well-being of themselves or that of others.

A drug and alcohol assessment is a tool used by medical and addiction professionals to ascertain the extent of a person’s abuse of substances and determine how to treat them most effectively and achieve the best outcome.

Whether a client’s motivation to undergo a drug and alcohol assessment is due to legal consequences (arrest/conviction of a crime), prompting from concerned family members or friends, or a personal desire to confront substance abuse, seeking an evaluation of this kind can be a catalyst and essential resource on the road to recovery.

Purposes of a Drug and Alcohol Assessment

  • To determine if the individual suffers from drug or alcohol addiction
  • To ascertain the extent of substance use or addiction
  • To identify co-occurring mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety, if any, or polydrug use
  • To determine the extent to which drug or alcohol use impacts a person’s life
  • To present an understanding of the person and their unique circumstances so that the team may set a baseline and design a treatment plan that is best suited for his or her wants and needs

More About the Drug and Alcohol Assessment Process

A substance abuse assessment is an essential first step in determining a person’s needs regarding drug or alcohol abuse treatment. An evaluation consists of gathering biological, social, psychological and historical information that is obtained through interviews and diagnostic screening materials. An investigation of these results should reveal a sharp picture of the person’s substance abuse and dependence.

This information is critical to professionals in making the appropriate professional recommendations, whether it consists of residential or outpatient substance abuse/addiction treatment, therapy or other approaches.

Court-Ordered Substance Abuse Assessment

If a criminal case involves drugs or alcohol, the presiding judge may order a drug and alcohol assessment to be administered by a certified agency. These are examples of circumstances/criminal charges in which a judge might order an evaluation:

  • Driving under the influence (DUI) or Driving while intoxicated (DWI)
  • Drug or alcohol possession (e.g., open intoxicant or minor in possession)
  • Drug trafficking or unlawful distribution
  • Manufacturing or distributing controlled substances
  • Disorderly conduct
  • Public intoxication
  • Using fake identification

During an assessment, which may take up to two hours, clients interview with a licensed professional who is trained and specializes in substance abuse/addiction treatment. He or she will perform a thorough review of a person’s substance abuse, medical/mental health, and social/family history.

This assessment is essential because it can identify if a chronic condition such as addiction is present, or if there is not enough evidence to support that there is an ongoing problem. Regardless, a person may still have to participate in various programs or obligations as deemed necessary by the legal system.

Depending on the incident and sentencing in addition to the recommendations of the evaluating professional, a person may be required to go to one or more of the following:

  • DUI Alcohol or Drug Use Risk Reduction Program (RRP)
  • Random drug and/or alcohol urinalysis
  • 12 step meetings such as Alcoholics Anonymous
  • Drug or alcohol abuse education classes and counseling sessions
  • Drug or alcohol abuse treatment programs

A Drug and Alcohol Assessment Is a Tool Meant to Foster Success

Alcohol Assessment | Harmony Treatment and Wellness Center

Although a person might feel embarrassed or ashamed and disinclined to be forthcoming about drug or alcohol use behaviors, he should acknowledge that this assessment is being performed for his own benefit. Moreover, an addiction professional cannot accurately develop a plan without knowing precisely where a client stands within a substance abuse or addiction problem.

Indeed, this is the time for a person to be honest about the extent of her substance abuse, as well as any other factors that may influence her drug or alcohol addiction or recovery options. By hiding habits or information, a person is only harming herself and hindering the chance for a full recovery.

Schedule A Drug and Alcohol Evaluation Today

Our center provides clients with comprehensive substance abuse assessment and treatment services. Whether for the purpose of meeting a probation requirement, driver’s license reinstatement, a court appearance, or personal issues, we can help. We use a variety of evidence-based alcohol and drug addiction assessment instruments, and these unbiased, objective tools are administered and analyzed by licensed clinicians.

Recognizing there is a problem is the first step in working toward a resolution, and this is especially true regarding substance abuse and addiction. An assessment is often an eye-opening experience for both clients and their loved ones, as it offers a compelling and undeniable case for the pursuance of sobriety.

Xanax Abuse and Addiction

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Xanax Abuse | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

Xanax Abuse – Xanax belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which are often used to mitigate the symptoms of anxiety. These drugs are designed for short-term use and when used long-term have a high potential for abuse and addiction. Benzos are relatively short-acting medications that have a rapid onset and quickly reduce anxiety. Effects typically begin within a half hour of use and can provide relief for several hours after.

Benzodiazepines produce a relaxing effect by attaching to certain sites on GABA receptors in the brain. After a prolonged period of use, Xanax can cause changes to these receptors in the brain, making them less sensitive to stimulation. Eventually, an individual develops a tolerance to these drugs and requires him or her to take increasing dosages to produce the desired effect.

For people who have become chemically dependent, a decrease in consumption will likely lead to withdrawal effects. It can be quite challenging to regain control over prescription drug use without professional treatment.

Moreover, ue to the life-threatening symptoms related to withdrawal from these types of drugs, it is critical that individuals do not attempt to quit Xanax abruptly without appropriate medical supervision.

Causes & Risk Factors of Xanax Abuse and Addiction

Oftentimes, substance abuse addiction specialists are not able to identify an exact cause – there are numerous factors that can play a role in the development of addiction. However, some well-known contributors include genetics, individual characteristics, and environment.

Genetic Risk Factors

Much evidence has shown that addiction problems can run in families through traits that are genetically passed down through the generations. Moreover, people who have close relatives that have a substance abuse problem are twice as likely to incur a substance abuse problem themselves. While genetics certainly do not guarantee the development of an addiction problem, there is a definite association.

Brain Chemistry

Xanax works by affecting the brain’s reward system, creating feelings of euphoria and relaxation. Some people lack sufficient levels of chemicals in the brain to properly stimulate the reward system – one theory is that when people use Xanax or Ativan it helps make up for the lack of natural brain chemicals. People may then continue to use these substances to continue experiencing feelings of relaxation and pleasure, which can eventually result in addiction.

Environmental Risk Factors

Many people who grow up in unstable home environments or experience extreme life stressors may have come to rely on drugs such as Xanax to help cope with emotional pain. Also, some people are raised in an environment where substance abuse is viewed as acceptable behavior.

Psychological Risk Factors

Individuals who have developed addiction problems are also at high risk of having a co-occurring mental health disorder. People with undiagnosed psychiatric illnesses may not understand symptoms that they are experiencing and may be unsure how to deal with them.

In an attempt to self-medicate, people may begin to use Xanax as a way to manage symptoms. Over time, some individuals may start to rely on such substances to function on a daily basis.

Signs and Symptoms of Xanax Abuse and Addiction

Common symptoms exhibited/experienced by those who are abusing or are addicted to Xanax may include the following:

Mood Symptoms

Xanax Abuse | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

Mood symptoms associated with Xanax abuse may include anxiety, notable mood swings such as those alternating between depression and mania, agitation, rage, and restlessness.

Behavioral Symptoms

  • “Doctor-shopping,” or visiting multiple doctors to obtain more Xanax
  • Stealing or borrowing someone else’s Xanax
  • Decreased inhibitions and engaging in risky behaviors
  • Exhibiting hostility and violence
  • Neglecting family or personal responsibilities
  • Declining occupational or school performance
  • Taking higher doses or more tablets than what was prescribed
  • Chewing pills to make them work faster or crushing/snorting pills to enhance effects

Physical Symptoms

  • Swelling in hands and feet
  • Coordination difficulties
  • Dry mouth, stuffy nose
  • Decreased urination, constipation or diarrhea
  • Blurred or double vision
  • Slurred speech
  • Drowsiness, dizziness
  • Heart palpitations, tachycardia
  • Tremors or seizures

Psychological Symptoms

Psychological symptoms may include confusion, disorientation, difficult concentrating, hallucinating, and memory problems.

Effects of Xanax Abuse

Xanax abuse can produce many adverse effects. The intensity of effects experienced depends upon the duration of abuse, the amount of the substance regularly used, and individual character traits of the abuser.

These effects may include:

  • Short-term memory loss
  • Social isolation and relationship conflicts such as divorce
  • Legal or financial problems, incarceration
  • Inability to function at work or school
  • Hospitalization
  • Migraines
  • Muscle pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Uncontrollable muscle twitches or seizures
  • Suicidal thoughts

Many people who have substance abuse problems also experience a co-occurring mental health condition. These may include, but are not limited to the following:

  • Additional substance addiction (drugs or alcohol)
  • Borderline personality disorder, or other personality disorder such as antisocial personality or histrionic personality disorder
  • Depressive disorders
  • Anxiety disorders such as social anxiety
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Schizophrenia

Effects & Symptoms of Withdrawal from Xanax

Withdrawal from a Xanax dependency can be dangerous should only be done under the direction of a qualified medical professional in a safe environment. The detox process will slowly decrease the amount of Xanax in the body to minimize the chance of life-threatening withdrawal symptoms.

Symptoms of withdrawal from Xanax may include:

  • Blurred vision
  • Sleep disturbances, insomnia
  • Intense sweating
  • Nervous feelings and anxiety or depression
  • Aggressive behaviors
  • Weight loss
  • Tingling sensation in hands and feet
  • Seizures
  • Suicidal thoughts or death resulting from suicide or health
  • complications

Overdose

A life-threatening overdose of Xanax is unlikely when taken as directed or used alone, without the presence of drugs or alcohol. However, benzodiazepines such as Xanax are currently estimated to be involved in at least 30% of overdose deaths in the United States. In the majority of cases, other drugs such as opioids or alcohol were also involved.

The following are signs of an overdose, and immediate medical attention may be required to save a life:

  • Extreme drowsiness
  • Confusion – saying things that don’t seem to make sense
  • Dizziness even when not moving around
  • Blurred vision and difficulty focusing
  • Weakness
  • Slurred speech -they have become difficult to understand
  • Difficulty breathing – breathing is slow, shallow, labored, or stopped entirely

Treatment for Xanax Abuse

Xanax abuse can result in many adverse mental and physical effects as well as impaired functioning in many vital aspects of life, such as academics, career, and family. Treatment for Xanax abuse may begin with a gradual tapering of the drug over the course of weeks or months to reduce the severity of withdrawal symptoms.

Long-term rehab, therapy, and counseling should co-occur with the tapering medication schedule or should closely follow it. Our center offers comprehensive, evidence-based approaches that have been shown to treat Xanax abuse and addiction effectively. We offer both inpatient and outpatient treatment formats, each of which includes psychotherapy, family counseling, and group support.

Our medical staff and mental health professionals aim to provide the very best care for our clients and ultimately, provide them with the tools they need to achieve sobriety and sustain well, happy lives long-term treatment has been completed.

If you or your loved one is abusing Xanax, other drugs, or alcohol, please contact us as soon as possible. You CAN regain your life with our help!

Vicodin and Alcohol: A Dangerous Combination

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A Man with Vicodin and Alcohol

Vicodin is a prescription painkiller that contains the opioid hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Tylenol.) It is a psychoactive drug that when used in combination with alcohol or other intoxicating substances, can result in side effects of the prescription drug compounded with the individual effects of each substance.

You should always ask your physician about potential adverse reactions to any prescription medication, especially if you plan to use it in conjunction with other drugs or alcohol – an action that is not generally not advised by any medical professional.

Moreover, using Vicodin alone certainly does not come without its risks, but these risks are significantly increased when used along with other psychoactive substances.

What is Vicodin?

The active ingredients hydrocodone and Tylenol in Vicodin collaborate to relieve moderate to severe pain and reduce fever. Hydrocodone blocks nerve cells in the brain that create the sensation of pain. Acetaminophen boosts a person’s tolerance to pain, so injuries don’t feel as intense.

Side Effects of Vicodin and Alcohol

Both alcohol and Vicodin are central nervous system depressants and can have adverse side effects when used together. Both also have a high potential for addiction, so if you have a personal or family history of a substance use disorder, it is best to avoid them.

Side effects of using Vicodin and alcohol may include:

  • Breathing problems
  • Dizziness and drowsiness
  • Slurred speech
  • Memory loss and confusion
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Loss of coordination and motor function
  • Constipation or difficulty urinating
  • Heart palpitations
  • Liver damage

Dangers of Mixing Vicodin and Alcohol

Vicodin and alcohol are both potentially dangerous substances that carry individual risks. These hazards are compounded when the substances are used in combination. Both alcohol and acetaminophen have the potential to cause liver damage, so mixing the two is especially dangerous.

There is also an increased risk long-term of stroke, cardiac arrest, various forms of cancer and more. Some reactions may be fatal – like heaving alcohol use, hydrocodone can decrease breathing, and the elderly or people with serious lung issues are particularly vulnerable.

Vicodin and Alcohol Addiction

If your doctor prescribed Vicodin, he or she will monitor you to make sure you aren’t misusing it and will alter your dosage or prescribe a different medication if necessary. You should be able to identify the signs and symptoms of Vicodin addiction before you become addicted, however.

You may have developed an addiction problem if you exhibit any of the following symptoms:

You increase your dosage of Vicodin yourself instead of consulting your physician. Over time, the body can develop a tolerance to Vicodin, so after a while, it might not be as effective. If this occurs, you should contact your doctor immediately, rather than simply increase your dosage without advice. This is dangerous because your body will continue to need an increasing amount of Vicodin to get the same effect – a reaction that could potentially lead to an overdose if you stay on that path.

You start to associate Vicodin use with a lack of pain or pleasurable feelings. Vicodin is usually prescribed to numb pain after an injury or surgery. It’s indicated for the treatment of acute (short-term) pain, but some people become addicted to the way it makes them feel. Moreover, if you feel you need to take Vicodin whenever you feel pain or that you can’t experience pleasure without it, you may be developing an addiction to Vicodin.

You continue using Vicodin after your doctor has discontinued your prescription. Your physician may decide to take you off Vicodin because your injury is healed or because he or she is concerned that you’ve become addicted. If you save your pills then take them after your doctor advises you to quit, purchase more on the black market, or doctor-shop to obtain more drugs, you may be addicted.

Vicodin and Alcohol | Harmony Treatment and Wellness

You can’t resist drinking alcohol while taking Vicodin. Combining alcohol and Vicodin is dangerous and potentially deadly. Alcohol is a depressant, so it depresses the central nervous system. Taking a depressant along with Vicodin, which also suppresses your system, can cause your heart and lungs to stop functioning. Also, alcohol impairs your judgment so it’s easier to overdose on Vicodin while intoxicated.

Treatment for Vicodin and Alcohol

If you or someone you love is battling an addiction to Vicodin, alcohol or both, we can help. Harmony Treatment and Wellness Centers specializes in caring for patients who are experiencing substance use disorders as well as co-existing psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression.

Treatment for alcohol and drugs such as Vicodin typically starts with a medical detox, a clinical process that in which the body rids itself of toxic substances. After this stage, clients are encouraged to move into inpatient, partial hospitalization, or outpatient programs, where they obtain the knowledge, confidence, and skills they need to live a life free from drugs and alcohol.

You can regain your life and enjoy long-lasting sobriety and wellness. Please don’t wait another day. We can help – start now!

What Is Crack Cocaine?

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Crack is a stimulant drug that is the freebase form of cocaine – meaning that it can be inhaled or smoked. It presents as irregular white chunks of various sizes. Although the drug itself doesn’t have a distinct smell, the method it’s used typically produces a burning or smokey odor.

Crack’s popularity is largely due to its appeal for drug users seeking an inexpensive, powerful, fast-acting high. The term “crack” comes from the sound that is produced by the burning rock-shaped chunks.

Other names for the substance include:

  • Rocks
  • Nuggets
  • Jelly beans
  • Gravel
  • Dice
  • Candy or Cookies
  • Base

As a potent stimulant, crack use can invoke a rapid, euphoric high. It increases the speed of various mental and physical processes, serving to boost energy and give the user a sense of control. As a smoked form of cocaine, crack use results in nearly instantaneous effects because the drug is breathed into the lungs where it is then rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream.

The effects peak quickly and subside after less than 20 minutes. Because the high is so brief, users often abuse in a binge and crash cycle that heightens the risk of dependence, tolerance, and addiction.

Why Do People Abuse Crack?

Those who abuse crack do so to achieve the following effects:

  • An intense feeling of euphoria
  • Inflated sense of self and increased self-importance
  • Increased alertness and hyperactivity/stimulation
  • Decreased appetite

As with other intoxicating substances, with regular use, the desired effects are quickly taken over by adverse symptoms.

What Is Crack Cocaine? Signs and Symptoms

Crack is a very dangerous and potentially life-threatening drug.

It’s unlikely that a person can use crack cocaine recreationally for any significant length of time, due to its addictive nature. Moreover, any use of crack should be taken seriously.

Crack is addictive due to the intense euphoric rush it produces but fades quickly, leaving the user wanting more. When the high subsides, the user feels a strong desire to smoke more crack because he or she enters withdrawal and becomes agitated, restless, paranoid, or anxious.

Physical signs of crack use include:

  • Dilated pupils
  • Reduced sleep or insomnia
  • Increased heart rate
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure)
  • Suppressed appetite and weight loss
  • Muscle twitching
  • Nosebleeds

Psychological signs may manifest that indicate a person is abusing crack cocaine. These signs may include the following:

  • Aggression and mood swings.
  • Psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and paranoia.
  • Persistent thoughts about obtaining and using crack/strong cravings.
  • Inability to stop using despite a desire to do so.
  • Smoking crack at the expense of finances, relationships, and other important aspects of life.

Tolerance and Withdrawal

Someone who regularly engages in crack use can quickly build a tolerance to the drug. Tolerance occurs when the body grows accustomed to the presence of crack the system and requires an increasing amount to achieve the same effect. If a person is not satisfied with a small amount of crack and feels a need for larger and larger amounts, he or she has developed a tolerance.

Once tolerance has manifested, addiction may follow soon after, and the person may begin to engage in risky, dangerous, or problematic behaviors in order to obtain and use the substance. In the throes of an addiction, the person will likely become much less rational and logical.

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms is another sign of crack use. As tolerance develops, a physical or chemical dependence may also develop, meaning the brain comes to heavily rely on the drug and adapted to its presence.

Without it, the person may suffer from withdrawal symptoms such as the following:

  • Depression.
  • Increased anxiety.
  • Irritability and agitation.
  • Strong cravings for more crack.

Risks of Crack Abuse

Those who abuse crack often put themselves and others in harm’s way due to dangerous and compulsive drug seeking behaviors. Crack abusers may engage in the following:

Risky Sexual Behaviors

Crack use increases sexual desire and reduces inhibitions. Those high on crack could be more likely to engage in sex with multiple partners and to have unprotected sex. In addition, some may exchange sex for the drug.

Violent Tendencies

Crack cocaine use intensifies emotions, including agitation and anger. People who are high on crack may be more violent toward others or may harm themselves intentionally or accidentally.

Engaging in Risky Behavior to Obtain and Use Crack

Crack users often enter unsafe areas or agree to do risky things to obtain the drug. Crack addiction can be a very powerful motivator, and many individuals entrapped by it are willing to do nearly anything in exchange for some more of the substance.

Neglect of Responsibilities

People in active crack addiction often prioritize drug use over responsibilities such as paying bills, attending work or school, maintaining relationships with family members, or even caring for children.

Law Breaking

Many addicted to crack steal to help support their habit. They also may commit robberies or participate in other illegal activity to obtain the money needed to buy crack. Crack possession itself is also illegal, so some face legal trouble for possessing it even if they don’t engage in these behaviors.

Effects of Crack Abuse

In both the short- and long-term, crack use can result in a number of side effects that can substantially compromise one’s health.

Short-term risks of crack use include:

  • Cardiovascular risks including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.
  • Higher breathing rates.
  • Nausea.
  • Odd or bizarre behaviors, delusional behavior or paranoia.
  • Anxiety and panic.

The above adverse effects can occur after only one use at a high dose.

Crack’s Long-Term Effects

Long-term effects can occur after a prolonged period of consistent abuse. These include:

  • Chronic cardiovascular issues that may include heart disease, cardiac arrest, and stroke.
  • Malnutrition due in part to significant weight loss.
  • Marked cognitive decline.
  • Confusion and delirium.
  • Psychosis and hallucinations.
  • Damage to the lips, mouth, and teeth.
  • Major depression, anxiety, and irritability.
  • Seizures.

Treatment For Crack Cocaine

Treatment for crack abuse often begins with a detox – a supervised, controlled withdrawal usually performed at a detox center. Medical staff monitor patients for severe physical symptoms of withdrawal and help manage intense psychological effects such as mood swings, agitation, anxiety, and depression during this period.

After detox is complete, many patients transition to a rehab center such as Harmony Treatment and Wellness for residential or partial hospitalization programs. Treatment then largely focuses on the psychological aspects of addiction, and patients receive individual and group therapy and may attend ongoing support groups.

An inpatient or residential rehab stay is often followed by outpatient treatment and a period of ongoing aftercare, in which patients begin to return to their daily lives but also continue to visit the center regularly to undergo continuing therapy and other needed treatment. Some patients transition back to their regular lives while they reside in a halfway house or sober living facility.

We ensure our patients receive the support that they need through the entire recovery process to achieve long-lasting sobriety, and therefore, provides aftercare planning services that serve to find local resources for former patients after treatment has been completed.

You can regain the life you deserve, full of happiness and wellness – and we can help!